
In Drive, Daniel Pink discusses what motivates us to perform our best. In the early days of being hunters and gatherers, we were motivated simply by survival (what Pink calls “Motivation 1.0”). As societies developed, we began to operate by motivating people with rewards for performance – the carrot and stick (“Motivation 2.0” or extrinsic motivation).
While not entirely a bad thing, Pink argues that this type of motivation can at times be counter-productive and that we are ready to move on to what he calls “Motivation 3.0” – intrinsic motivation or enjoying work for the sake of work. A prime example of an organization where people are intrinsically motivated is Wikipedia. Thousands of people throughout the world write articles without pay, out of a sense of contributing to the general knowledge of the public. As managers, we need to make adjustments with how we motivate our employees to harness this sense of intrinsic motivation.
To move Motivation 3.0 forward, Pink outlines three things individuals and organizations should focus on:
- Autonomy – The most innovative companies today are more flexible with letting employees control their own projects and workflow. Google is famous for implementing a policy where the employees are able to work on side projects for 20% of their work time. These self driven projects have yield many of Google’s top products including Gmail, Google News and Google Translator.
- Mastery – When we are engaged with what we are doing, we strive to be better and better at it. This requires us to be in the “flow,” which is to say we need to adjust our workload and challenges to match our capabilities. We need to supplement the more mundane aspects of our jobs with a variety of tasks to give context and purpose to what we do.
- Purpose – Many companies are moving towards business models where a purpose is what drives the company and not necessarily profits. One example is TOMs shoes, which, for every pair purchased, donates a pair of shoes to a third world country. This doesn’t mean they are a non-profit; they still make money. It’s just that they have a central purpose that drives what they do, beyond profits. Work becomes more meaningful to employees when they can see a purpose for what they do every day.
Drive was a really fascinating book. I read it none stop over the weekend and quickly finished it. I highly recommend it.
Check out this RSA whiteboard animation of a speech from Daniel Pink:
Also check out Daniel Pink’s TED Talk.